On examination the patient was alert and oriented. Her heart rate was 65 bpm, blood pressure 138/71 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 98% while breathing room air. Cardiac examination revealed normal ...

The aortic stenosis murmur can radiate to the cardiac apex where it sounds holosystolic and can mimic the murmur of mitral regurgitation (Gallavardin phenomenon). The three physical exam findings ...

If the carotid upstroke comes significantly after the S2 heart sound, "tardus" is present indicating severe aortic stenosis. Other physical exam findings in patients with aortic stenosis include ...