With increasing demands of patients concerning refractive outcome after cataract surgery, toric IOLs that correct corneal astigmatism have been introduced more widely to cataract surgery.

These devices not currently US FDA approved † Miller PCRI Nomogram: for symmetric 'bow tie' astigmatism on corneal topography, paired incisions are made in the steep axis, just inside the limbus.

Corneal epithelial ingrowth (EI) is a rare but significant complication following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) ...