Gene doping, the use of genetic engineering techniques to enhance athletic performance, has become a significant concern in both human and animal sports. As the methods for gene doping evolve ...

The current list can be easily accessed on both the IOC and World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) websites (www.wada-ama.org or www.olympic.org) The use of gene doping or gene transfer technology to improve ...

This practice is called doping, and it frequently involved such substances as erythropoietin, steroids, and growth hormones (Filipp, 2007). To control this drive for an unfair competitive edge ...

In particular, studies are being funded by WADA to identify a ‘molecular signature’ of rHumanEPO doping and preliminary results are promising. In the first systematic study to be conducted, the ...