Humoral immunity refers to antibody-mediated immune responses. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells and protect the host from infection in three main ways: by binding to pathogens to inhibit ...

The complement system is an important part of the humoral immune defence in mammals that is formed by about 35 soluble and cell-surface proteins. Together these proteins enable the host to ...

A specialized protein produced by the immune system that helps destroy disease-causing organisms. An antibody is a component of humoral immunity. Antibodies can be effective defenders against both ...

shifts immune response towards a humoral response. Estrogen has multiple actions in the immune system, creating clear gender-related differences in immune response in men and women. Estrogen ...

The production of antibodies, essential for protecting our body against infections, is very well regulated through the action of a specific subtype of immune system ... and type-2 humoral ...