Participants with weaker kidney function had a lower cognitive performance, regardless of age, sex, education, body mass index or cardio-vascular health. They also demonstrated brain atrophy ...

“Even in individuals who had not yet developed kidney disease, we could see that kidney function was linked to brain atrophy.” This atrophy may explain why individuals with impaired kidney function ...

“Having higher GMV in midlife may aid in preventing cognitive decline associated with brain atrophy as part of normal aging in late life,” the authors write. “Additional studies are needed ...