Biodegradable materials break down naturally through microbial action, offering a sustainable solution to environmental pollution in packaging, agriculture, and medical applications.

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. Nonbiological turbidity is an issue that affects the quality and consumer perception ...

The process is catalysed by enzymes or acidic conditions ... Polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen are large macromolecules made up of many monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.

During the initial submission process, an incorrect image of Figure 3 (showing the hydrolysis results using a less advanced cellulase mixture) was accidentally used during the final stage. This ...