a: Gross anatomy of lung and thorax. b: Microscopic anatomy of bronchial wall. C: View of terminal airway and alveoli. d: Alveolar structure.

Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD The pleura is a two-layered membrane that covers the lung. Between the layers is a small amount of lubricating fluid, known as pleural fluid, which helps cushion ...

For the first day or so, a chest tube is left in to help adhere the once deflated lung to the chest wall (pleural symphysis). The tube will be removed if no leak is apparent, and the patient will be ...

Chest wall tumors are uncommon; surgical repair involves both resection ... If tests reveal that the tumor is growing into the lung, pulmonary function studies may also be performed. The tumor is ...

Examination of the heart and lungs was normal. The abdomen was soft and nontender without enlargement of the liver or spleen. Neurologic examination was also normal. The upper anterior chest wall ...